President Ilves ütles, et Euroopa Liit ei ole Kroonika. Ta pidas silmas tuntud seltskonna-ajakirja. Samas ei öelnud ta, mis ajakiri siis Euroopa Liit on. Kas näiteks Playboy? Täheke. Anne & Stiil. Või hoopis Horisont.
Kohvikulised, pakkuge ideid, mis ajakiri on Euroopa Liit, siis panen üles vastava küsitluse.
25 kommentaari:
Selle ajakirja toimetus?
http://www.riigikogu.ee/index.php?id=48642
Vanasti oli Lang Rein seal pealik.
Urro, ära oma väikest pead selliste keeruliste asjadega vaeva. Tee midagi omale jõukohasemat, et lastele elatusraha teenida, mine näiteks säästukasse transaks.
Tartus korraldatakse ametlikult meditsiinilisi katseid inimestega...300 eeki saab korra eest kätte...Leping ja puha kui järgmine kord kohale ei lähe, kaasnevad trahvid...28 dets. on järgmine puhumine ja köhimine...kes teab täpsemalt? See ei ole nali!
iluspoiss
"Kas kolmas silm" või "Paradoks B"
Playboy läks ju pankrotti Eestis!
iluspoiss
Kas keegi oskaks anda infot kui palju maksavad päiksepaneelid ja tuulegeneraator, et 120 ruudune eramu saaks tasuta elektriga varustatud.
21 ära kutsu kurja kaela, kiida lolli ja loll teeb!
iluspoiss
Ma tahaks ka tasuta elekrit ja päikesepaneele. Selliseid mis talveöödel ka toa sooja hoiavad.
http://www.freelectricity.com/
http://befreetech.com/feinfo.htm
http://www.nmsr.org/denislee.htm
kuidas on seotud uudis juhiloata 17a neiust irl-ga?
http://www.delfi.ee/news/paevauudised/110_112/article.php?id=28026875
et siis tibike on irl raplamaa piirkonna värske juht
http://irlnooredraplamaa.blogspot.com/
kellel ei ole see esimene sõit,mitte esimene talvine avarii... aasta tagasi sõitis ta oma musikese auto purux
väga vallatu kiisuke, õed ka vallatud, üks neist oli ka avariis
http://www.rate.ee/userinfo.php?id=818671
irl, oh jah
Playboy jätkab Eestis siiski ilmumist... http://www.ohtuleht.ee/index.aspx?id=359764
masumees mait soovitab,mida arvab koffik?
http://www.delfi.ee/news/paevauudised/arvamus/article.php?id=28013037
ULA komme tuleb lugeda, ja vastuseid nendele...
PS! Raun sarnaneb Karuloomale...
21:00-le
http://elektritsaabtasuta.blogspot.com/2009/12/http20985229132searchqcacheapadvwoes6ej.html
Mis on ilmajaam?
Ilmajaam on mõeldud kontrollimaks tuule kiirust/suunda enne tuulegeneraatori paigaldust. Ilmajaamast saadud andmed annavad võimaluse teha õige tuulegeneraatori valiku. Kui arvestada ainult ilmakaardil märgitud tuule kiirust võib juhtuda, et klient on “sunnitud” tegema mittevajaliku väljamineku e. ostab suurema tuulegeneraatori kui vaja on või jääb elektrit väheks e. tuulegeneraatori võimsus on väiksem kui vajalik. Rahalises numbris võib olla lisakulu kuni 150 000 eek. Ma arvan, et see on piisav summa, et
enne konkreetse tuulegeneraatori mudeli valikut teha tuulemõõtmine. Ilmajaama mõõteseadmete kõrgus peab jääma tuulegeneraatori ligikaudsele kõrgusele. Reeglina paigaldatakse tuulegeneraator kõrgusele 12m kuni 36m, sõltuvalt asukohast ja kohalikust kõrguspiirangust, kui see olemas on.
21:20-le
http://www.finemb.org.uk/Public/default.aspx?contentid=157471&nodeid=35864&culture=en-GB
22/01/2009
How to survive winter in Finland - and enjoy it
Finland is one of the northernmost areas in the world with a permanent population. Winter in Finland varies in duration from about 3 to 7 months, depending on the part of the country, but regardless of location winter in Finland is cold, dark and snowy. However, winter doesn't disrupt society or the economy: Finns will get to work or school in the morning no matter how cold it is or how much snow has fallen. In fact, Finns even know how to enjoy the winter. Read how to survive the Finnish winter and you might enjoy it too.
Well built houses and effective heating systems
Photo: Matti KarjanojaPhoto: Matti Karjanoja
The development of building technology that saves energy and makes use of renewable natural resources has been emphasized in Finland. Building regulations state that windows in new buildings must be triple glazed and the latest technology in window glass enables the window panes to function as solar panels. Draught-proofing and a thick layer of insulation material at least 10 cm thick are incorporated in the structure of the external walls of houses. Some old-fashioned, but effective, techniques are also making a comeback: thick logs keep low temperatures at bay.
Just fewer than 50% of Finnish properties are served by district heating. It is in fact the most common method of heating in built-up areas. The heat used in district heating is produced in power stations which cogenerate heat and electricity. This heat is transferred to water which then circulates through a network of pipes to radiators and water pipes in buildings. Finland has a network of over 10,000 km of district heating pipes, i.e. over six times the length of the country from North to South. The temperature of the water that travels through the pipes from the power stations varies, in accordance with the demands of weather, from about 65°C to 115°C. District heating water eventually returns to the power station as cool water, which is then reheated and recycled.
District heating is an effective, economical and environmentally-friendly way to heat a large number of properties. It saves about 30% of energy compared with separate production of heat and electricity. District heating is also a reliable and steady way of providing warmth. Users do not have to install boilers and houses do not become cold if there is a power cut.
Ecological heating innovations are available to houses outside the district heating network. Fireplaces that store heat are being reintroduced in low-rise housing and a fraction of Finland’s vast stock of wood is being used in the form of wood pellets to heat boilers that are fuelled automatically.
Some new houses are being served by geothermal heating. In this process, put simply, a hole about 50-70 m deep is drilled into the ground and heat stored in the 'hot rocks' below is pumped out of the hole. The heat from the exhaust air leaving the house can also be stored using heat pumps. Finland gets enough sunshine to enable solar energy to be used viably for producing heat, at least if it is combined with some other method of producing heat during the low-sunshine months. Heating methods like the aforementioned initially require expensive equipment but the energy itself is, in practice, free and inexhaustible. Electric and oil-fired heating systems which consume an abundance of natural resources and are highly dependent on imported fuel are gradually being phased out.
21:20-le
http://finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=160110&nodeid=41800&culture=en-US
Well built houses and effective heating systems
Photo: Matti Karjanoja
Click to enlarge the picture
The development of building technology that saves energy and makes use of renewable natural resources has been emphasized in Finland. Building regulations state that windows in new buildings must be triple glazed and the latest technology in window glass enables the window panes to function as solar panels. Draught-proofing and a thick layer of insulation material at least 10 cm thick are incorporated in the structure of the external walls of houses. Some old-fashioned, but effective, techniques are also making a comeback: thick logs keep low temperatures at bay.
Just fewer than 50% of Finnish properties are served by district heating. It is in fact the most common method of heating in built-up areas. The heat used in district heating is produced in power stations which cogenerate heat and electricity. This heat is transferred to water which then circulates through a network of pipes to radiators and water pipes in buildings. Finland has a network of over 10,000 km of district heating pipes, i.e. over six times the length of the country from North to South. The temperature of the water that travels through the pipes from the power stations varies, in accordance with the demands of weather, from about 65°C to 115°C. District heating water eventually returns to the power station as cool water, which is then reheated and recycled.
District heating is an effective, economical and environmentally-friendly way to heat a large number of properties. It saves about 30% of energy compared with separate production of heat and electricity. District heating is also a reliable and steady way of providing warmth. Users do not have to install boilers and houses do not become cold if there is a power cut.
Ecological heating innovations are available to houses outside the district heating network. Fireplaces that store heat are being reintroduced in low-rise housing and a fraction of Finland’s vast stock of wood is being used in the form of wood pellets to heat boilers that are fuelled automatically.
Some new houses are being served by geothermal heating. In this process, put simply, a hole about 50-70 m deep is drilled into the ground and heat stored in the 'hot rocks' below is pumped out of the hole. The heat from the exhaust air leaving the house can also be stored using heat pumps. Finland gets enough sunshine to enable solar energy to be used viably for producing heat, at least if it is combined with some other method of producing heat during the low-sunshine months. Heating methods like the aforementioned initially require expensive equipment but the energy itself is, in practice, free and inexhaustible. Electric and oil-fired heating systems which consume an abundance of natural resources and are highly dependent on imported fuel are gradually being phased out.
21:20-le
http://www.ecohuddle.com/forum/thread/1682/are-solar-panels-efficient-in-winter
Are solar panels efficient in winter?
I live in Lake Tahoe, CA, and I'm thinking about installing solar panels. Winter concerns me. How does snow and decreased daylight hours affect the efficiency of solar panels? I don't want to install the panels if they will be problematic in winter.
Any input would be appreciated.
Hi jmiller, Welcome to the Ecohuddle!
Same longitude as Sacramento so the same hours of sun of watts/square meter/day = the same output from a panel. You still have to be careful of shading and orientation toward the sun plus inclination.
The panels would need to be inclined due to the snow cover - your installer should have this well in hand.
The farther north you go the less total sun power available but you are probably in a good place.
For insolation levels you can check the following URL - Sacramento is the closest I found but it is on the same longitude. http://photovoltaics.sandia.gov/images/Sacramento.gif
* Joined: March 2009
* Location: Izmir, Turkey
* Post Count: 682
Summer is much better for sure.
Insolation levels for South Lake Tahoe are as follow (from gaisma):
Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
2.06 2.97 4.35 5.55 6.73 7.38 7.31 6.39 5.16 3.68 2.37 1.90
Sandia gives an annual average of approximately 5.91 kW/m2/day annual average for Sacramento.
Another source for solar data is http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/south-lake-tahoe-california.html
* Joined: July 2009
* Post Count: 22
Russ sometimes this kind of data such as Insoltaion Levels (Nth America) don't take in factors like sea level one sun or 1.5 suns during the peak of the day. South Lake Taho near Incline Village, NV has some very different problems. Lake Taho is a volcanic lake. It is fully circled by mountains. The mountains create shade because they are much higher than the lake. Well having said this I need to explain more about sun days. The earth is 360 degrees. It turns at 15 degrees a hour. A fixed solar system must be pointed true south and not magnetic south. Remember the mountains? Well these figures are wrong unless the solar panels are in the middle of Lake Tahoe. The mountains will shade land installed solar panels just after 4-4:30 PM every day during the summer months. I know we did a energy survey for a customer there about 20 years ago. We discovered that the top of a mountain was the best place for solar. In Reno Nevada it is different and Sacremento was not as good for sun as Reno. California is a good state but it is very hard to use off grid solar systems there because of permits. It seems like the power companies control the state government over permits. This is why you never hear of off-grid solar systems in California. Besides the biggest scam is selling electric power to the grid. The truth is the grid can not handle the power it gets now. Almost 40% of all grid power except hydro power is wasted. Hydro power is the only form of renewable energy (the oldest and biggest Renewable Energy in the United States that can regulate the output of power) can reduce its power output by just turning off the water valve or lowering the current to the generators. Nuclear, Coal and gas power plants make steam to run a turbine. You can not shut them down. Thank God peak periods happen during daylight hours. This makes solar a better solution but near mountains it is not so good.
* Joined: March 2009
* Location: Izmir, Turkey
* Post Count: 682
Hi Jim,
Good to have the expertise aboard. Regards the insolation levels the net numbers are only a starting point - if they are bad then you can probably forget it but if they are good you need to do more research. I have a weather station with a solar sensor which does just that.
I mentioned orientation and shading - both important factors. Off grid solar is fine where you don't have access to a power line but I am not impressed with it otherwise. Too many losses in efficiency plus having to maintain batteries. Much better to let the power company act as your battery. It is up to them to be as efficient as possible.
About hydro - agreed - it is easy and convenient - unfortunately it is difficult to build any more large size projects. In a gas fired power plant the hot gases drive a turbine and at the outlet of that unit it is customary to place what is called a 'combined cycle' unit which is a boiler to recover otherwise wasted energy.
Turndown on gas turbines is not prefered as it forces the operator to move away from the most efficient operating point, adding cost per unit produced.
* Joined: March 2009
* Location: Izmir, Turkey
* Post Count: 682
Good sites about evaluating your locations solar potential follow:
http://www.energysavers.gov/your_home/electricity/index.cfm/mytopic=10740
http://www.builditsolar.com/SiteSurvey/site_survey.htm
* Joined: August 2009
* Post Count: 1
I had a similar inquiry before regarding solar powered homes in Alaska. One of my colleagues referred me to spheresolar.com and I found it really useful. They have a section in their site that can guide you in determining if solar panel installations is right for your home. It's a very user friendly and informative source, I must say. Check it out: http://www.spheralsolar.com/issolarrightforme.html
Edited by lunRay - 8/21/09 at 8:39pm
* Snowflake
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I've been wondering about the efficiency of solar panels during winter as well. I've looked at the sites you've mentioned and I've gathered quite a bit of information about it already. I'd like to ask, are there any particular solar panel brands that are more effective than most during winter? Can anyone recommend any brand/s?
* Joined: March 2009
* Location: Izmir, Turkey
* Post Count: 682
There is just plain less watts per m2 per day falling on the earth's surface in the winter - less power available.
The thin film types are less efficient than the older types - as much as 50% less. They also cost less but tend to degrade more quickly losing further efficiency.
The only thing I know to do is look at the panel efficiencies and warranties.
To: J Miller
Fm: Jim McKirdy
Subject: Solar Panels for winter use and snow.
Dear sir: There are two types of solar cells available. Standard silicon solar cells and Low light CIG cells. Silicon solar cells will work everywhere but the amount of power is limited in time. Silicon Solar panels must have sun light angles of 45 degrees to 90 degrees back over to 45 degrees.This is a total of 90 degrees. The earth turns at 15 degrees in a hour. This means that a silicon solar panel at best can produce 6 hours a day in the summer months. In the winter months this time can be shortened by up to 50%. The reason is simple in the winter months we have shorter day light hours. Now CIG low light cells start at 20 degrees and back over to 20 degrees. This is a total of 140 degrees. In the summer months you will see 9.3 hours. In the winter months you will see 4.2 hours a day of electric production. Snow does cover solar panels no mater what the solar cells are made out of. The biggest difference is how much light is available thru the snow. Some other solar experts and I argue this point all the time. Here is what I know happens. If snow sticks to any solar panels it reduces the light being absorbed by the solar panels. The thicker the snow the less light is absorbed. Ice and snow is very refective. This can reduce the light needed by solar panels buy 80%. Silicon solar cells will not produce any power under these conditions. Also the power produced by CIG cells is reduced by 80% also. There is a company in Denver that is developing a new solar panel that will even produce power during moon light nights. These new cells are very powerful. I feel that it will take another 6 months before the new solar cells are ready. These new cells really absorb light and the entire spectrum of light. Visible, UV and IR light. Silcon and other compound solar cells can only absorb visible light. As a mater of fact UV light weakens the output of silicon solar panels due to heat almost 8%. This is why some people get upset with the performace's of imported solar panels. China, Japan, Taiwan all make claims of outputs. These claims are in lab conditions only. Say for expample 200 watt solar panel. Well here in Florida you may get 200 watts but more than likely you will only get 180 watts due to heat. At Incline Village, NV. You have much cleaner air quality so you may get 190 watts because the air is cleaner, dryer and you are closer to the sun. But never let someone tell you that a 200 watt solar panel will produce 1,200 watts in 6 hours. They really don't know what they are talking about. I have seen the new solar cells working in the real world. The unique thing about these solar cells is the high volts and low amps that they put out. I can tell you this about the new solar cells. Open volts is 6.2. The size of the solar cells is 20mm by 55mm. The AMPS are .018 amps. The main reason why the low amps is to reduce the cost of wire sizes. These new solar panels may not be less expensive as the standard silicon solar panels. But they will produce more power under normal conditions per day than silicon solar cells. These are going to be the next generation solar panels. If you are very interested in wanting to get off the grid and make your property energy independent and sustainable I suggest that you continue the way your at and when this company from Denver is ready you can be one of their customers. It might just be the solution that will make your life better.
Russ, The first commercial application for off grid solar was to reduce the cost of maintaining batteries. Back in 1968 I was ordered by my captain to report to Boston to develop a new type of aids to navigation. Back then there were no solar cells or solar panels. We set out to build our own. We called the units solar plates. This reduced the cost of maintaining aids to navigation by over 600% per year. So instead of changing batteries every 90 days now the batteries stay in place for at least 5 years. The solar lights (red or green) have been working every 4 seconds for many years. There are still some of the orginal solar plates still working for over 40 years. These solar aids to navigation have been showing mariners for may years safe passages. I guess it is about saving lives and property. At least these are the results for the last 40+ years. Now for homes. There are homes today that are independent of the grid, the reasons are simple. There is no grid available, or some people don't want to pay for electric power. I agree with you about if you have the grid use it as a stand by generator. You see electric usage is not fixed at all. It is proven by DOE reports that the average home increases it electric usage by 8% a year. What this is really saying is we buy more products to plug into our homes. The standard mode of grid tied homes is their electric bills over the year will increase by 8%. Plus the local utility electric company will also have a increase. Here in Florida we are paying Progress Energy $4.51 each month for a nuclear power plant that is not even built. Imagine that! At this time my total electic bill is $.14 a KW. My parents live in Henderson NV. They pay $.17 a KW. My folks power comes from the Hover Dam. My power comes from a coal fired Jacksonville, Florida power plant. My bill includes the fuel cost. My parents bill does not have a fuel cost. These ongoing cost for electric power is cheap compaired to buying a solar PV system. But over time the electric billing system will cost 900% over solar PV. Solar PV only real advantage is maintaining cost. I look at this as the best renewable energy systems because it is affordable now.
Thanks everyone for your help. I've been checking out the recommended sites and like the additional info, especially Solar Sphere's Learning Center.
Still wondering--is there is a way to maximize efficiency during the winter time? Also, is there any way to protect panels from snow or keep snow off the panels altogether?
Available sunlight decreases in winter, effecting efficiency. It take a few years to see a return, but solar is a worthwhile investment. I think you should talk to an expert. The Solar Sphere site mentioned above has a call number.
@jdsouthall, Welcome to the EcoHuddle!
Your advice about talking to an expert is correct and someone that knows the local area as well. The only problem is to find someone who is either very honest or has no commercial interest in making a sale.
Some of the panel and thin film suppliers are exceedingly optimistic to the point of being deceiving in their claims.
The PV panels are big in Germany where snow is rather normal - I expect that with the relatively steep inclination and dark color of the panel the snow cover does not last long.
With the incentives/subsidies the panels/systems are more attractive than ever.
You are fixing your electric rate for years to come with the panels which is a good thing as it can only get more costly. The down side is that you are also prepaying the electric bill for a good many years.
Jewroliit pole üldsegi ajakiri vaid raamat, mille nimi on Talmud.
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